Silhouette Competition

Instant gratification is the best way to describe this fast-paced sport. Shooters fire at banks of steel plates resembling the life-sized outlines of chickens (set at a distance of 200 meters), pigs (at 300 meters), turkeys (at 385 meters) and sheep (at 500 meters). A shooter is given 2.5 minutes to fire one round at each of the five targets in a bank. Unlike shooting at paper targets, when the metallic targets are hit, a distinct audible "clang" is heard as the target topples from its stand. Misses produce a telling visible cloud of dust.
Originally developed in Mexico (where it was known as "Siluetas Metalicas"), it was brought across the border as a hunter's game by Southwestern riflemen in the 1960’s. True silhouette shooting today applies to the high-power game generally shot with a centerfire bolt-action rifle of 6mm or larger caliber. However, the term "silhouette" is used, loosely, to include all shooting using metal targets shaped like game animals.
Courses of Fire
The sport dramatically increased in popularity during the early 1970's when the NRA incorporated it into its competition event schedule and now includes four main classes:
NRA High Power Rifle—uses higher caliber ammunition and guns
NRA Smallbore Rifle--using .22 rimfire guns fired at one-fifth scale targets at distances from 40 to 100 meters
One of the best aspects of this sport is that use of a specially built rifle is not required for success. Many beginners start out with a favorite hunting rifle equipped with a 4-power scope, so costs can be less than for other types of competitions. Scopes are allowed in most events and some competitors use optics with magnification settings of 12-power or more. All shooting is from the off-hand position with steadying accessories such as adjustable or hooked butt plates, palm rests, padded shooting jackets, and slings being disallowed.
Equipment
NRA rules define the rifles and pistols allowed in silhouette shooting. The rules define the most liberal allowable dimensions and weights. Any rifle or pistol which falls within these limitations can be used.

The items of equipment listed below are used in silhouette competition. The best part is that there is very little expense associated with silhouette shooting.

Spotting Scope - The use by the coach of a telescope or other optical device to spot shots is permitted.

A Shooting Mat or ground cloth is permissible in Black Powder Cartridge Rifle competition and Long Range Pistol/Smallbore Pistol Freestyle competition.

Gloves may be worn on either or both hands in pistol competition as long as they don't afford artificial support. In rifle, they may be worn only for warmth.

Clothing - Commercial type trap and skeet vests and shotgun shooting shirts are permitted as well as clothing normally suitable for existing climatic temperatures. Shooting coats, unnecessarily heavy clothing, or anything on the person that would provide artificial support, such as clothing having excess padding or stiffening material, or clothing which restricts or supports the body in the shooting position may not be worn.

High Power Rifles for Silhouette Competition
Big game rifles as well as varmint rifles have proved to be quite satisfactory for this kind of competition, and a number of rifles have been specially built. The use of a specially built rifle does not automatically guarantee a winning score. Since coaching is allowed, the presence of a good coach can make a great deal of difference although the individual shooter still has to perform to his best ability in order to win.

While there is no limitation on the magnification allowed in scopes, shooters now tend to use a scope that is twenty power or higher, although many still use a lower power.

While 6mm is the smallest caliber allowed in High Power competition, it is well known that a 6mm bullet will not knock the sheep target off its stand reliably. For that reason, most silhouette shooters use larger calibers. The most popular one seems to be the .308 Winchester.

Smallbore Rifles in Silhouette Competition
Since Smallbore Rifle silhouette is simply a miniature of the High Power Rifle game, the rifle allowed is defined as being identical to the High Power Rifle. Rifles may be chambered only for the unmodified .22 caliber rimfire short, long, or long rifle. No special hot loads, such as "stingers" may be used. Except for the caliber restriction, all other equipment requirements are the same.

High Power and Smallbore Rifle silhouette both have a Hunter Rifle class where only hunting style rifles may be used. These rifles are lighter in weight and very few modifications are allowed.

Pistols For Use in Silhouette competition
Pistols allowed for Long Range Pistol silhouette are defined in the NRA rules and follow very closely the rules established by the International Handgun Metallic Silhouette Association (IHMSA). NRA Long Range Pistol silhouette has two basic pistol definitions and forms of competition: 1.) Conventional, which permits minor modifications, and 2.) Unlimited, which allows almost anything that can be done to a pistol within the limits of a 15 inch barrel and 4 1/2 pound weight limit. Also associated with Long Range Pistol is a .22 caliber version called Smallbore Pistol that closely follows the Long Range Pistol courses.

NRA Hunter's Pistol competition is one of the most popular of the NRA silhouette games. Since it is intended as a sport for distances up to 100 meters, only certain calibers are specified as allowable in the rules. The definition is very similar to that of Conventional Long Range Pistol, except that the barrel length is limited to 10 3/4 inches and the weight to 4 1/2 pounds. Scopes are allowed as well as open sights.

NRA Smallbore Hunter's Pistol is fired with .22 caliber short, long or long rifle cartridges at the same distance and the same size targets as in Hunter's Pistol. The targets are thinner material to permit reliable knockdown by the .22.

Silhouette Targets and Target Stands
Silhouette targets can be cut from various types of steel. It has been found that low strength steels and some high strength steels are not satisfactory, because of the extreme damage done to them by high velocity bullets. For High Power Rifle, Black Powder Cartridge Rifle and Long Range Pistol targets, abrasion resistant alloy steels should be used. For Smallbore Rifle it is not necessary to use the harder steels. For Hunter's Pistol, it is suggested that the harder steels be used for the closer targets. T-1 steel is required for Hunter's Pistol chickens. The "feet" upon which the silhouettes rest should be of the same type of steel as the rest of the target. Silhouettes are set on stands which should be, if possible, two to three feet from the ground so that they can fall free of the stand when hit. Silhouette need not be painted black if another color makes them more visible. On some of the Eastern ranges, targets are painted white or even blaze orange.

A web site that explains the origins of silhouette shooting http://www.dto.com/shooting/article.jsp?articleid=605